This policy brief explores the agricultural sector in Sri Lanka and climate change related challenges. Prolonged droughts and floods, sometimes in rapid succession, have adversely affected national crop production. This has had cascading effects on farmers’ incomes at the household level through to national gross domestic product (GDP) resulting in the contraction of the growth rate of the agriculture sector by 4 percent in 2016 and 1 percent in 2017. Policies play a decisive role in setting up a proper enabling environment that accelerate growth and sustain resilience of the agriculture sector against climate risks.