A guide for extension services and institutions working with smallholders to support them in their advisory role on developments of the carbon markets and financial mechanisms. It aims to enhance knowledge on carbon finance and facilitate the integration of small-scale farmers into agriculture, forestry and other land use mitigation activities. The participation of these farmers allows them to be involved in the development and implementation of the project, influence its design to generate positive impacts for the farmers and increase their knowledge about climate change mitigation and carbon finance.