This study examines the incentives and constraints to adoption of the promoted climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices in Kaptumo, Nandi County of Kenya. It provides useful knowledge on the dynamics of adoption of CSApractices and lessons learned to further inform extension, projects and up-scaling. The study considers wider policy, institutional and social structures and processes that may affect adoption. In addition the assessment also provides farmers’ perceptions on initial benefits of those practices in terms of agricultural production, livelihoods diversification, overall resilience to climatic risks and household food security.