As countries develop and revise their nationally determined contributions (NDCs), there is growing recognition of the need to integrate biodiversity considerations into them – particularly in the context of agrifood systems – in order to ensure that climate actions also contribute to, or at least do not undermine, the sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity, and the ecosystem services it provides. This brief draws on the findings of an analysis of the treatment of agrifood systems in NDCs to identify opportunities to leverage actions under NDCs to achieve co-benefits for climate, biodiversity and food security, and avoid maladaptation.