This case study aims to provide an overview and analysis of lessons learned from different approaches used in nine countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, in which the Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans (NAP-Ag) programme was implemented, to promote monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of adaptation in the agriculture sectors as part of National Adaptation Plan (NAP) processes. The case study focuses on concrete country experiences in advancing adaptation M&E in the agriculture sector. The value of the sectoral focus stems from the strategic importance of agriculture for adaptation in most developing countries.