This publication provides an overview of the major climate-related risks and greenhouse hotspots in agrifood systems and synthesizes in seven key findings the main climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies being set forth in nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to address them. It also takes stock of the underpinning governance, knowledge and capacity and finance needs articulated to enable climate action in agrifood systems. Lastly, ahead of the global call for third-round NDCs expected to be submitted by all countries in 2025, these key findings serve to inform enhanced ambition, action and support of the mitigation, adaptation and climate finance ambition gaps in agrifood systems.