The 30 th session of the FAO Regional Conference for Africa highlighted the role of climate change as a key driver of change in African agricultural and food systems, and recommended that FAO reinforce its work with African countries with regard to the refinement and implementation of their NDCs Agriculture sectors feature prominently in countries’( Nationally Determined Contributions ( the highest political instrument by which countries communicate their mitigation ambitions and adaptation plans to strengthen resilience In Africa, a recent analysis of the NDCs of Eastern African countries showed that all the countries in the sub region include agriculture and LULUCF in their adaptation component, and 89 percent of the countries in their mitigation component.